Dental Disease

Dental disease is one of the most common health problems we see in dogs and cats — by the age of three, most pets already show some signs of it. Left untreated, it isn't just a mouth problem: it can cause chronic pain, tooth loss, and has been linked to wider health issues affecting the heart, kidneys and liver.

What is dental disease?

Plaque (a soft film of bacteria) builds up on the teeth continuously. If it isn't removed, it hardens into tartar (calculus) within days, which irritates the gums and leads to periodontal disease — inflammation and infection of the structures supporting the teeth.

Signs to look out for

  • Bad breath (halitosis)

  • Red, swollen or bleeding gums

  • Yellow or brown build-up on the teeth

  • Reduced interest in food, or eating more slowly/carefully

  • Dropping food while eating

  • Pawing at the mouth or face

  • Excessive drooling

  • Facial swelling, particularly under the eye (can indicate a tooth root abscess)

Many pets hide dental pain very well, so noticeable symptoms often mean the disease is already advanced.

Why it matters beyond the mouth

  • Chronic oral infection allows bacteria to enter the bloodstream, which has been associated with strain on the heart, kidneys and liver over time.

  • Untreated dental disease is a significant, often underestimated, source of chronic pain.

  • Advanced disease can lead to tooth root abscesses, jaw fractures (in severe cases) and permanent tooth loss.

How we assess and treat dental disease

  • Conscious oral exam: a basic check during routine consultations and vaccination appointments.

  • Full dental assessment under general anaesthetic: this allows a thorough examination of every tooth, including below the gumline, and dental X-rays where needed, since much of the disease process happens beneath what's visible.

  • Scale and polish: removes plaque and tartar from the tooth surface and below the gumline.

  • Extractions: performed where teeth are too diseased to save, always with appropriate pain relief.

Prevention at home

  • Tooth brushing is the gold standard — ideally daily, using a pet-safe toothpaste (never human toothpaste, which can be harmful to pets).

  • Dental diets and chews formulated to reduce plaque and tartar build-up can help, particularly for pets who won't tolerate brushing.

  • Water additives and dental gels can offer some benefit, though generally less effective than brushing.

  • Regular check-ups allow us to catch problems early, before they progress to painful, advanced disease.

Still have questions?

If you've noticed any of the signs above, or would simply like your pet's teeth checked, please contact us on 01797 252321 to book a dental assessment.